OPT and F/M Visa Updates: Key Information for STEM Students Seeking Immigration

The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has introduced updated guidelines for international students on Optional Practical Training (OPT) and those holding F or M nonimmigrant visas. These changes are particularly important for students in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields. They offer new clarifications on online learning, school transfers, grace periods, and study abroad programs. If you are a STEM student considering OPT or studying in the U.S., here’s what you need to know about these recent updates.

Key Updates for STEM Students

1. Online Classes and Distance Learning

USCIS has clarified the rules regarding online coursework. STEM students can count one class or three credits (or the equivalent) per academic term toward their full course load, even if the course is delivered online. This allows you to maintain full-time student status while taking an online course, as long as no physical attendance is required. This flexibility is essential for students balancing rigorous STEM coursework with the demands of online learning.

2. School Transfers and Changing Educational Levels

STEM students looking to transfer between institutions can do so more easily under the updated guidelines. If you are transferring to another school certified by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) under the Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP), whether within the same degree level (e.g., transferring from one bachelor’s program to another) or moving to a higher educational level (e.g., bachelor’s to master’s), the process is streamlined. This is critical for STEM students seeking better research opportunities or institutions with stronger programs in their field of study.

3. Grace Period Flexibility After OPT

Once you’ve completed your OPT, you are granted a 60-day grace period to make significant decisions about your next steps. Whether you’re planning to pursue a higher degree, transfer to another SEVP-certified institution, or change your visa status, you have additional flexibility. This is especially relevant for STEM graduates who may need time to assess job opportunities, research programs, or further education (DesiOPT.com).

4. Post-Completion OPT Eligibility

Regardless of whether you’ve completed an associate’s, bachelor’s, master’s, or doctoral program, STEM students are eligible for post-completion OPT. This broadens the range of opportunities for gaining valuable practical experience in your field. For many STEM students, securing practical training after completing their degree is essential for transitioning into the U.S. workforce or continuing their research in specialized fields (B A L | Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP).

5. STEM OPT Extension Timing

For STEM graduates seeking to extend their OPT, the timeline for applying for a STEM OPT extension has been clarified. Ensuring you apply within the correct window is crucial to maintaining your work authorization. STEM students should be especially mindful of these timelines to avoid any potential gaps in employment, which can be critical for those working on cutting-edge research projects or in competitive tech industries.

6. Study Abroad Program Guidelines

If you’re participating in a study abroad program while enrolled at a SEVP-certified institution, you can maintain your active status in the Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS) as long as your program lasts less than five months. For STEM students involved in international research collaborations or attending specialized programs abroad, this ensures you can continue your studies without disruption. However, if your program extends beyond five months, you will need a new Form I-20 to continue your education upon returning to the U.S.

7. Eligibility with Previous STEM Degrees 

If you’re currently on OPT with a non-STEM degree but have a previously earned STEM degree, you may be eligible for a STEM OPT extension based on that earlier degree. This is particularly useful for those who might have transitioned into different academic fields but still want to leverage the benefits of a STEM OPT

Effective Date and Impact on STEM Students

These updates became effective on August 27, 2024, and apply to any requests pending or filed on or after that date. If you’re a STEM student currently navigating OPT options or making decisions about your academic and professional future, these updates could significantly impact your plans. Be sure to consult with your school’s international office or an immigration advisor to fully understand how these changes apply to your unique situation.

For STEM students aspiring to work and live in the U.S., these updates provide greater clarity and flexibility in your educational and professional journey. Whether you’re preparing to graduate, seeking practical experience, or planning further study, these changes support your goals of staying in the U.S. and advancing in your field.